What is IPC Classification?

IPC stands for International Patent Classification. It is a hierarchical system used to classify and categorize inventions and products based on the technical field they belong to. The IPC system is maintained by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and is used by patent offices around the world to uniformly classify patent documents.

Determining the correct IPC class for a product is crucial for several reasons:

1. It helps in conducting accurate prior art searches when filing for a patent
2. It ensures that the patent application is directed to the appropriate examining unit at the patent office
3. It aids in understanding the technical field and competitors for a particular product

How is the IPC Structured?

The IPC divides technology into eight main sections, denoted by letters A through H. Each section is further divided into classes, subclasses, groups, and subgroups. Here is an overview of the eight main IPC sections:

Section	Description
A	Human Necessities
B	Performing Operations; Transporting
C	Chemistry; Metallurgy
D	Textiles; Paper
E	Fixed Constructions
F	Mechanical Engineering; Lighting; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
G	Physics
H	Electricity

Each IPC symbol consists of:
– Section symbol (a letter A-H)
– Two-digit class number
– Subclass letter
– One to three-digit group number, followed by a slash
– One or more two-digit subgroup numbers, each preceded by a space

For example, consider the IPC symbol: A61K 31/05. Here’s how it breaks down:

• A: Human Necessities section
• 61: Medical or Veterinary Science class
• K: Preparations for Medical, Dental, or Toilet Purposes subclass
• 31/05: Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients/Alcohols subgroup

How to Determine the IPC Class for a Product

Step 1: Understand the technical aspects of the product

To accurately classify a product, you must first thoroughly understand its technical features, purpose, composition, and how it works. Review all available product information, including specifications, manuals, whitepapers, and marketing materials.

Step 2: Browse the IPC scheme

Start by browsing the eight main sections of the IPC to identify the most relevant one for your product. For example, if your product is a new type of battery, you would likely start with Section H (Electricity).

Step 3: Drill down to the appropriate class and subclass

Within the relevant section, scan through the class titles to find the most pertinent one. In our battery example, class H01 (Basic Electric Elements) seems most fitting. Then review the subclass titles under the chosen class to further narrow down the classification. For batteries, subclass H01M (Processes or means, e.g. batteries, for the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy) is most apt.

Step 4: Choose the main group

Underneath the subclass, you will find one or more main groups, denoted by one to three-digit numbers followed by a slash. Select the group that best captures your product’s key technical aspects. For a lithium-ion battery, main group H01M 10/00 (Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof) would likely be the most relevant choice.

Step 5: Select relevant subgroup(s)

Finally, each main group contains numerous subgroups that describe the subject matter in progressively more detail. Browse the subgroup titles and select all that are relevant to your product. For a lithium-ion battery, that could include subgroups like H01M 10/052 (using materials for the electrodes characterized by their material composition) and H01M 10/0525 (of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals).

The final IPC classification symbol will combine the section, class, subclass, main group and all relevant subgroups, for example: H01M 10/052, 10/0525.

Additional Tips

• If you’re unsure which section to start with, you can search for keywords in the IPC’s Catchword Index to help identify relevant places in the classification scheme.
• Some products may span multiple IPC classes. In this case, choose the class that captures the invention’s most essential technical aspects.
• If you’re still uncertain, you can search patent databases for existing patents related to your product and see how they are classified.
• Consult with a professional patent attorney for complex cases or high-stakes products like pharmaceuticals.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if I can’t find an appropriate IPC subgroup for my product?

In some cases, you may not find an IPC subgroup that exactly captures your invention. In this case, classify the product to the most relevant main group. You can work with your patent attorney to propose modifications to the IPC scheme if needed.

Do I need to classify my product in multiple IPC classes?

Generally, a product should be classified in the single most relevant IPC class. However, if your invention spans multiple distinct technical fields, it may be appropriate to assign multiple classifications. Consult with a patent professional if you’re unsure.

How often is the IPC revised?

The IPC is periodically revised to keep pace with technological advancements. The current version is IPC-2022.01, which entered into force on January 1, 2022. A new edition is released each year on January 1.

What happens if I choose the wrong IPC class?

Misclassifying your invention can lead to your patent application being routed to the wrong examining unit, which may delay prosecution. In a worst-case scenario, failing to identify relevant prior art because of an incorrect classification could leave your patent vulnerable to an invalidity challenge. It’s important to put diligent effort into choosing the most appropriate IPC classification.

Can I change my product’s IPC classification after filing a patent application?

Yes, it is possible to amend the IPC classification during prosecution of a patent application. However, it’s best to choose the most appropriate classification from the outset to avoid potential delays or added costs. If you need to amend the classification, notify your patent office as soon as possible.

Conclusion

Determining the correct IPC classification is a crucial step in the patent application process. By understanding the IPC’s hierarchical structure and following the steps outlined above, you can confidently classify your products and position your patent application for success. When in doubt, consult with a qualified patent attorney for guidance.